Implicancias éticas en la atención hospitalaria a personas con discapacidad intelectual: una revisión narrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24265/horizmed.2022.v22n4.12Palabras clave:
Bioética, Ética, Discapacidad Intelectual, HospitalizaciónResumen
Las personas con discapacidad intelectual (PDI) son propensas a complicaciones durante algunas enfermedades debido a sus comorbilidades, por lo que requieren una atención hospitalaria diferenciada; sin embargo, no suelen recibir un trato idóneo y muchas veces se vulneran sus derechos, sobre todo en el ámbito ético. Los principios de justicia, no maleficencia, beneficencia y autonomía podrían estar transgrediéndose en el ámbito hospitalario no solo por parte del personal de salud, quienes, en oportunidades, brindan un trato deshumanizado y con poco involucramiento del cuidador, sino también por los sistemas de atención hospitalaria que no consideran las limitaciones, inequidades y necesidades prioritarias. Para identificar esta realidad se ha realizado la presente revisión narrativa donde se encontró 484 artículos de bases como Pubmed, Scopus y Lilacs, de los cuales se han incluido 53. Se destaca la escasa información directamente relacionada a la ética en la atención hospitalaria, sin embargo, se analizaron temas relacionados como salud reproductiva, trasplante, manejo de enfermedades crónicas y promoción de la salud, y se resaltó las faltas a la autonomía y justicia, principalmente. Luego de la revisión, se llegó a la conclusión de la importancia de difundir los principios éticos para todo el personal del sector salud, desde el inicio de su formación, así como sensibilizar a los decisores del rubro respecto al trato a las personas con discapacidad intelectual, especialmente en el ámbito hospitalario, donde se requiere un sistema de atención diferenciado y justo que favorezca la integración, el acceso y la comunicación.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Narcisa Reto, Miriam Arredondo-Nontol, Rodolfo Arredondo-Nontol, Marilu Barreto Espinoza
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