Factors associated with depressive disorder among Peruvian older adults
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24265/horizmed.2023.v23n3.05Keywords:
depression, aged, mental health, public health, PeruAbstract
Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with depressive disorder among Peruvian older adults over 60 years of age.
Materials and methods: An observational, analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted based on a secondary analysis of the 2019 Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar (ENDES - National Demographic and Family Health Survey),
administered at national level by Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática del Perú (INEI - National Institute of Statistics and Informatics of Peru). The sample consisted of 4,174 older adults. The main variable was suffering from a depressive disorder (depressed/not depressed) and the independent variables were age, sex, educational level, wealth
quintile (classified into five levels of wealth), area of residence (classified as urban/rural), geographic domain (classified as Lima Metropolitan Area, the rest of the coast, the highlands and the jungle), health coverage (classified as insured/uninsured), alcohol consumption (yes/no), smoking (yes/no) and presence of a disability (yes/no). Analyses of absolute
and relative frequencies, differences in proportions and a multivariate analysis using generalized linear models (GLM) were performed.
Results: The prevalence of depressive disorder and disability accounted for 13.18 % and 7.86 %, respectively. Older males were less likely to suffer from a depressive disorder (PRa = 0.602; 95 % CI: 0.513-0.706) than females, and the group over
85 years of age showed a higher risk than those from 60 to 74 years (PRa = 1.664; 95 % CI: 1.304-2.124). Besides, not presenting a disability behaved as a preventive factor (PRa = 0.542; 95 % CI: 0.440-0.668), while a higher educational level and wealth quintile, starting from the “Middle” quintile, were protective factors when taking the categories "No education" and "The poorest" as reference, respectively (p < 0.005). Conclusions: Belonging to the group over 85 years of age, being a female, being in lower wealth quintiles, suffering from a disability and having a lower educational level were risk factors for depressive disorder among Peruvians older adults.
Downloads
References
World Health Organization. Ageing and health. WHO; 2022. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageingand-health
Huenchuan S. Envejecimiento, personas mayores y Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible: perspectiva regional y de derechos humanos [Internet]. CEPAL; 2018. Disponible en: https://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/44369/1/S1800629_es.pdf
Aranco N, Stampini M, Ibarraran P, Medellin N. Panorama de envejecimiento y dependencia en America Latina y el Caribe [Internet]. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo; 2018. Disponible en: https://publications.iadb.org/publications/spanish/document/Panorama-de-envejecimiento-y-dependencia-en-America-Latina-yel-Caribe.pdf
Instituto Nacional de Estadistica e Informatica. Estado de la Poblacion Peruana 2020 [Internet]. INEI; 2020. Disponible en: https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1743/Libro.pdf
Cho SM, Saw YM, Saw TN, Than TM, Khaing M, Khine AT, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of anxiety and depression among the community-dwelling elderly in Nay Pyi Taw Union Territory, Myanmar. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2021;11(1):9763.
Castillo-Martell H, Cutipe-Cardenas Y. Implementacion, resultados iniciales y sostenibilidad de la reforma de servicios de salud mental en el Peru, 2013-2018. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica [Internet]. 2019;36(2):326-33.
Del Carmen Sara JC. Lineamientos y estrategias para mejorar la calidad de la atencion en los servicios de salud. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica [Internet]. 2019;36(2):288-95.
Calderon D. Epidemiologia de la depresion en el adulto mayor. Rev Medica Hered [Internet]. 2018;29(3):182-91.
Martina M, Ara MA, Gutierrez C, Nolberto V, Piscoya J. Depresion y factores asociados en la poblacion peruana adulta mayor segun la ENDES 2014-2015. An Fac med [Internet]. 2017;78(4):393-7.
Barboza JJ, Soriano-Moreno AN, Copez-Lonzoy A, Pacheco-Mendoza J, Toro-Huamanchumo CJ. Disability and severe depression among Peruvian older adults: Analysis of the Peru Demographic and Family Health Survey, ENDES 2017. BMC Psychiatry [Internet]. 2020;20(1):253.
Noh J-W, Kwon YD, Park J, Oh I-H, Kim J. Relationship between physical disability and depression by gender: A panel regression model. PLoS One [Internet]. 2016;11(11):e0166238.
Wu Q, Feng J, Pan C-W. Risk factors for depression in the elderly: An umbrella review of published meta-analyses and systematic reviews. J Affect Disord [Internet]. 2022;307:37-45.
Kiely KM, Brady B, Byles J. Gender, mental health and ageing. Maturitas [Internet]. 2019;129:76-84.
Escobar Bravo MA, Botigue Satorra T, Jurschik Gimenez P, Nuin Orrio C, Blanco Blanco J. Sintomatologia depresiva en ancianos. La influencia del genero. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol [Internet]. 2013;48(2):59-64.
Richardson RA, Keyes KM, Medina JT, Calvo E. Sociodemographic inequalities in depression among older adults: cross-sectional evidence from 18 countries. Lancet Psychiatry [Internet]. 2020;7(8):673-81.
Freeman A, Tyrovolas S, Koyanagi A, Chatterji S, Leonardi M, AyusoMateos JL, et al. The role of socio-economic status in depression: results from the COURAGE (aging survey in Europe). BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2016;16(1):1098.
Smith ML, Kakuhikire B, Baguma C, Rasmussen JD, Perkins JM, Cooper-Vince C, et al. Relative wealth, subjective social status, and their associations with depression: Cross-sectional, population-based study in rural Uganda. SSM Popul Heal [Internet]. 2019;8(100448):100448.
Ettman CK, Adam GP, Clark MA, Wilson IB, Vivier PM, Galea S. Wealth and depression: A scoping review. Brain Behav [Internet]. 2022;12(3):e2486.
Liu J, Yan F, Ma X, Guo H-L, Tang Y-L, Rakofsky JJ, et al. Prevalence of major depressive disorder and socio-demographic correlates: Results of a representative household epidemiological survey in Beijing, China. J Affect Disord [Internet]. 2015;179:74-81.
Booij SH, Wigman JTW, Jacobs N, Thiery E, Derom C, Wichers M, et al. Cortisol dynamics in depression: Application of a continuoustime process model. Psychoneuroendocrinology [Internet]. 2020;115(104598):104598.
De La Guardia Gutierrez MA, Ruvalcaba Ledesma JC. La salud y sus determinantes, promocion de la salud y educacion sanitaria. JONNPR [Internet]. 2020;5(1):81-90. ]
Consejo Nacional para la Integracion de la Persona con Discapacidad CONADIS. Compendio Estadistico Multisectorial 2019 ï¿1/2Aproximaciones sobre la discapacidad en el Peruï¿1/2 [Internet]. Ministerio de la Mujer y Poblaciones Vulnerables; 2019. Disponible en: https://conadisperu.gob.pe/observatorio/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/CompendioEstadistico-Multisectorial-2019.pdf
Organizacion Panamericana de la Salud. Peru La carga de los trastornos mentales en la Region de las Americas: Perfil del pais [Internet]. OPS; 2018. Disponible en: https://www.paho.org/sites/default/files/2020-09/MentalHealth-profile-2020%20Peru_esp.pdf
Organizacion Panamericana de la Salud. La carga de los trastornos mentales en la Region de las Americas, 2018 [Internet]. OPS; 2018. Disponible en: https://iris.paho.org/bitstream/handle/10665.2/49578/9789275320280_spa.pdf?sequence=9&isAllowed=y
Villarreal-Zegarra D, Copez-Lonzoy A, Bernabe-Ortiz A, MelendezTorres GJ, Bazo-Alvarez JC. Valid group comparisons can be made with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9): A measurement invariance study across groups by demographic characteristics. PLoS One [Internet]. 2019;14(9):e0221717.
Calderon M, Galvez-Buccollini JA, Cueva G, Ordonez C, Bromley C, Fiestas F. Validacion de la version peruana del PHQ-9 para el diagnostico de depresion. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica [Internet]. 2012;29(4):578-85.
Diez-Canseco F, Ipince A, Toyama M, Benate-Galvez Y, Galan-Rodas E, Medina-Verastegui JC, et al. Atendiendo la salud mental de las personas con enfermedades cronicas no transmisibles en el Peru: retos y oportunidades para la integracion de cuidados en el primer nivel de atencion. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica [Internet]. 2014;31(1):131-6.
Organizacion Mundial de la Salud. Convenio Marco de la OMS para el Control del Tabaco [Internet]. OMS; 2003. Disponible en: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42813/9243591010.pdf;jsessionid=79C40D4DD95B5ABA23DBEB766A8B3EEB?sequence=1
Organizacion Mundial de la Salud. Plan de Accion Mundial sobre el Alcohol 2022-2030 con el fin de fortalecer la aplicacion de la Estrategia Mundial para Reducir el Uso Nocivo del Alcohol [Internet]. OMS; 2021. Disponible en: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/alcohol/alcohol-action-plan/first-draft/globalalcohol-action_plan_first_draft_es.pdf?sfvrsn=59817c21_5
do Nascimento PG, Molerio Perez O, Pedraza Duran L. La prevencion del tabaquismo y el alcoholismo en adolescentes y jovenes desde las instituciones educativas. Psicogente [Internet]. 2014;17(31):93-106.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Horizonte Médico (Lima)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Horizonte Médico (Lima) (Horiz. Med.) journal’s research outputs are published free of charge and are freely available to download under the open access model, aimed at disseminating works and experiences developed in biomedical and public health areas, both nationally and internationally, and promoting research in the different fields of human medicine. All manuscripts accepted and published in the journal are distributed free of charge under the terms of a Creative Commons license – Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
