Tamizaje en las personas mayores con dependencia de cuidados: clave en la estrategia para mitigar la pandemia por COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24265/horizmed.2021.v21n4.14Palabras clave:
Anciano, COVID-19, Cuidados de largo plazoResumen
En la pandemia por la COVID-19, las personas mayores son el grupo que concentra la mayor mortalidad, sobre todo quienes precisan de cuidados de largo plazo por haber perdido su habilidad funcional. Esta población vive en sus domicilios, con la familia o en un centro residencial. Se ha descrito que las personas mayores pueden desarrollar una forma de enfermedad oligosintomática o con una sintomatología clínica particular; por esta razón, las estrategias de tamizaje basadas en síntomas no son las más recomendables. Es necesario detectar de manera precoz a los enfermos en este grupo; por ello, analizamos y proponemos las mejores alternativas disponibles para conseguir este objetivo.
Descargas
Citas
World Health Organization. COVID-19 Strategy Update [Internet]. WHO; 2020. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/covid19-strategy-update---14-april-2020
Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020; 395(10229): 1054-62.
Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382: 1708-20.
Kluge H. Statement – Older people are at highest risk from COVID-19, but all must act to prevent community spread [Internet]. World Health Organization; 2020. Disponible en: https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/statements/statement-older-people-are-at-highest-risk-from-covid-19,-but-allmust-act-to-prevent-community-spread
Bialek S, Boundy E, Bowen V, Chow N, Cohn A, Dowling N, et al. Severe outcomes among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) - United States, February 12-March 16, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020; 69(12): 343-6.
McMichael TM, Clark S, Pogosjans S, Kay M, Lewis J, Baer A, et al. COVID-19 in a long-term care facility - King county, Washington, February 27-March 9, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020; 69(12): 339-42.
Lorenz-Dant K. Germany and the COVID-19 long-term care situation. International Long-Term Care Policy Network. 2020.
D’Adamo H, Yoshikawa T, Ouslander JG. Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Geriatrics and Long-Term Care: The ABCDs of COVID-19. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020; 68(5): 912-7.
Low LF. The Long-Term Care COVID-19 situation in Australia. 2020; (April): 1-5.
Lai CC, Wang JH, Ko WC, Yen MY, Lu MC, Lee CM, et al. COVID-19 in long-term care facilities: An upcoming threat that cannot be ignored. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2020; 53(3): 444-6.
Comas-Herrera A, Zalakain J. Mortality associated with COVID-19 outbreaks in care homes : early international evidence. Resources to support community and institutional Long-Term Care responses to COVID-19. 2020; (April): 1-6.
American Geriatrics Society. American Geriatrics Society Policy Brief: COVID-19 and Nursing Homes. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020; 68(5): 908-11.
Yamada M, Kimura Y, Ishiyama D, Otobe Y, Suzuki M, Koyama S, et al. Effect of the COVID-19 Epidemic on Physical Activity in CommunityDwelling Older Adults in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey. J Nutr Health Aging. 2020; 24(9): 948-50.
Sepúlveda-Loyola W, Rodríguez-Sánchez I, Pérez-Rodríguez P, Ganz F, Torralba R, Oliveira DV, et al. Impact of Social Isolation Due to COVID-19 on Health in Older People: Mental and Physical Effects and Recommendations. J Nutr Health Aging. 2020: 1-10.
Chakraborty A, Ghosh S, Mukhopadhyay P, Dinara SM, Bag A, Mahata MK, et al. Trapping effect analysis of AlGaN/InGaN/GaN Heterostructure by conductance frequency measurement. MRS Proceedings. 2014; 2: 81-7.
Bello-Chavolla OY, González-Díaz A, Antonio-Villa NE, Fermín-Martínez CA, Márquez-Salinas A, Vargas-Vázquez A, et al. Unequal impact of structural health determinants and comorbidity on COVID-19 severity and lethality in older Mexican adults: Looking beyond chronological aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2020: glaa163.
Nikolich-Zugich J, Knox KS, Rios CT, Natt B, Bhattacharya D, Fain MJ. SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 in older adults: what we may expect regarding pathogenesis, immune responses, and outcomes. GeroScience. 2020; 42(2): 505-14.
Canada.ca. Infection Prevention and Control for COVID-19: Interim Guidance for Long Term Care Homes [Internet]. Government of Canada; 2020. Disponible en: https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/2019-novel-coronavirusinfection/prevent-control-covid-19-long-term-care-homes.html#a5%0
Cesari M, Marzetti E, Thiem U, Pérez-Zepeda MU, Abellan Van Kan G, Landi F, et al. The geriatric management of frailty as paradigm of the end of the disease era. Eur J Intern Med. 2016; 31: 11-4.
Volpato S, Landi F, Incalzi RA. A Frail Health Care System for an Old Population: Lesson form the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2020; 75(9): e126-7.
Landi F, Barillaro C, Bellieni A, Brandi V, Carfì A, D’Angelo M, et al. The New Challenge of Geriatrics: Saving Frail Older People from the SARSCoV-2 Pandemic Infection. J Nutr Health Aging. 2020; 24(5): 466-70.
Lau-Ng R, Caruso LB, Perls TT. COVID-19 Deaths in Long-Term Care Facilities: A Critical Piece of the Pandemic Puzzle. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020; 17(11): jgs.16669.
Sociedad Española de Geriatría y Gerontología. La SEMEG y la SEGG quieren hacer pública su posición sobre el tratamiento de la epidemia de Coronavirus en residencias de personas mayores [Internet]. 2020. Disponible en: https://www.semeg.es/semeg-institucional/actualidad/_/la-semeg-y-la-segg-quieren-hacer-publica-suposicion-sobre-el-tratamiento-de-la-epidemia-de-coronavirus-enresidencias-de-personas-mayores-.html
Ouslander JG. Coronavirus Disease19 in Geriatrics and Long-Term Care: An Update. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020; 68(5): 918-21.
Getafe SG. Plan de Coordinacion y apoyo a las Residencias. Servicio de Geriatría Hospital Universitario de Getafe. 2020.
Wasserman M, Ouslander JG, Lam A, Wolk AG, Morley JE, PreyssFriedman SV, et al. Diagnostic Testing for SARS-Coronavirus-2 in the Nursing Facility: Recommendations of a Delphi Panel of Long-Term Care Clinicians. J Nutr Health Aging. 2020: 1-6.
Li R, Pei S, Chen B, Song Y, Zhang T, Yang W, et al. Substantial undocumented infection facilitates the rapid dissemination of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Science. 2020; 368(6490): 489-93.
Organización Mundial de la Salud. Prevención y control de infecciones en los centros de atención de larga estancia en el contexto de la COVID-19: Orientaciones Provisionales [Internet]. 2020. Disponible en: https://www.paho.org/es/documentos/prevencion-controlinfecciones-centros-atencion-larga-estancia-contexto-covid-19-0
Jha S. False Negative: COVID-19 Testing’s Catch-22 [Internet]. MedPage Today. 2020. Disponible en: https://www.medpagetoday.com/infectiousdisease/covid19/85717
Arons MM, Hatfield KM, Reddy SC, Kimball A, James A, Jacobs JR, et al. Presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Transmission in a Skilled Nursing Facility. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(22): 2081-90.
Comas-Herrera A. The problem of asymptomatic COVID-19 infections among care home staff and residents: emerging evidence and implications. LTC COVID. 2020; (April): 1-5.
Tay HS, Harwood R. Atypical presentation of COVID-19 in a frail older person. Age Ageing. 2020; 49(4): 523-4.
Bianchetti A, Rozzini R, Guerini F, Boffelli S, Ranieri P, Minelli G, et al. Clinical Presentation of COVID19 in Dementia Patients. J Nutr Health Aging. 2020; 24(6): 560-2.
Gandhi M, Yokoe DS, Havlir D v. Asymptomatic transmission, the achilles’ heel of current strategies to control Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(22): 2158-60.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Infection Control for Nursing Homes [Internet]. 2020. Disponible en: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/long-term-care.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Testing Guidelines for Nursing [Internet]. 2020. Disponible en: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/nursing-homes-testing.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Overview of Testing for SARS-CoV-2 [Internet]. 2020. Disponible en: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/testing-overview.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fhcp%2Fclinical-criteria.html
Sethuraman N, Jeremiah SS, Ryo A. Interpreting Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2. JAMA. 2020; 323(22): 2249-51.
Deeks JJ, Dinnes J, Takwoingi Y, Davenport C, Spijker R, TaylorPhillips S, et al. Antibody tests for identification of current and past infection with SARS-CoV-2. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020; 2020(6): CD013652.
Pareja Cruz A, Lizaraso-Soto FA. Un nuevo coronavirus, una nueva enfermedad COVID-19. Primera. Universidad de San Martin de Porres, editor. Lima, Peru; 2020.
Halpern SD, Truog RD, Miller FG. Cognitive Bias and Public Health Policy During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA. 2020; 324(4): 337-8.
Navarrete-Mejía PJ, Rivera-Encinas MT, Runzer-Colmenares FM, Velasco-Guerrero JC, Sallcahuaman-Valdiglesias E. Profile of the senior caregiver in situation of pandemic for SARS-COV-2. Rev Cuerpo Méd HNAAA. 2020; 13(1): 26-31.
Abbatecola AM, Antonelli-Incalzi R. COVID-19 Spiraling of Frailty in Older Italian Patients. J Nutr Health Aging. 2020; 24(5): 453-5.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Considerations for Interpretation of Antigen Tests in Long-Term Care Facilities [Internet]. 2021. Disponible en: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/downloads/hcp/nursing-home-testing-algorithm-508.pdf
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2021 Horizonte Médico (Lima)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
El contenido de la Revista Horizonte Médico (Lima) (Horiz. Med.) es de libre acceso, de manera gratuita, con el fin de divulgar los trabajos y experiencias desarrolladas en el área biomédica y de salud pública realizados a nivel nacional e internacional, promoviendo la investigación en los diferentes campos de la medicina humana.
La Revista Horizonte Médico (Lima) mantiene los derechos de autoría, distribución y reproducción de los artículos publicados.
Todos los artículos aceptados y publicados en la Revista Horizonte Médico se distribuyen gratuitamente bajo los términos de la licencia Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
