Adherencia a la atención prenatal en el contexto sociocultural de países subdesarrollados: una revisión narrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24265/horizmed.2023.v23n4.12Palabras clave:
Disparidades en el Estado de Salud, Cultura, Atención PrenatalResumen
La atención prenatal tiene como fin preservar y mejorar la salud de la madre y del producto de su gestación, pero la calidad de este servicio y las tasas de asistencias son variables, siendo los países subdesarrollados los que presentan las tasas más bajas. Existen brechas culturales que impiden el adecuado acceso a los cuidados prenatales, y ello pone en riesgo la salud del binomio madre e hijo. El objetivo fue realizar una revisión actualizada sobre las brechas culturales y su repercusión en la atención prenatal. Para la ejecución de la revisión narrativa, se efectuó una búsqueda en las bases de datos en inglés de Pubmed y Scopus, y en español, de Scielo, de todos los artículos que fueron publicados hasta el 17 de diciembre del 2022.
Existen diversas situaciones por las cuales las gestantes no acuden a su cita prenatal; entre ellas, destacan el machismo, que ha sido reportado como una causa común de inasistencia a los controles prenatales en países subdesarrollados y,
sobre todo, en comunidades rurales; la falta de educación en las familias, razón por la cual las mujeres no asisten a los controles prenatales por ignorancia sobre el cuidado y riesgos del embarazo, así como por sus creencias y costumbres
sobre su proceso; las dificultades geográficas para llegar al centro de salud; el maltrato en la atención prenatal, sea por parte del profesional de la salud o por falta de inclusión en el centro de salud; el estado migratorio y el problema de acceso a la salud que esto representa. Reconocer estas situaciones es tan importante como saber sus consecuencias; una
vez identificadas, se pueden buscar diferentes alternativas de solución desde el primer nivel de atención. El personal de salud debe capacitarse con el fin de ayudar a la población a entender la importancia del control prenatal, y para ello debe
conocer y respetar las costumbres y tradiciones de cada paciente, sin menoscabar sus ideologías.
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