Stress in parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder in a private institution, Lima, Peru, 2022
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24265/horizmed.2024.v24n3.10Keywords:
Sex , Autism Spectrum Disorder, FamilyAbstract
Objective: To determine the level of stress in parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) at
Instituto para el Desarrollo Infantil (Institute for Child Development) - ARIE, San Juan de Lurigancho (SJL) branch, 2022. Materials and methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study at Instituto para el Desarrollo Infantil - ARIE, SJL branch. Lima Peru. All parents (n = 79) with children aged ≤ 8 years with ASD who were undergoing therapy in 2022 were included; therefore, sampling was not required. The PSI/SF (Parenting Stress Index, Short Form) was used to measure stress in parents. This instrument has been used in other research studies, validating it with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.93 to determine parental stress.
The variables sex of the parent, sex of the child, age, level of education and type of family were analyzed with SPSS V.27 using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Results: A total of 79 parents were surveyed: average age 35.20, SD 5.217, predominantly females (68.35 %). Of the parents,
73.41 % had higher education. Parental stress perceived by mothers (83.33 %) was slightly higher than that of fathers (60 %) (p < 0.05). There is an association between the level of parental stress and the sex of the child, with males (82.1 %) causing more stress compared to females (60.9 %). Single-parent families have shown a higher level of stress, with 95.46 %, as
opposed to two-parent families, with 64.42 %) (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Most parents with children with ASD experience clinically significant stress, with scores greater than 90,
with mothers having a higher degree of stress. There is a significant association between parental stress and the sex of the child and the type of family (p < 0.05).
Downloads
References
Martínez Martín MA, Cruz M. Acercamiento a la realidad de las
familias de personas con autismo. Psychosocial Intervention
[Internet]. 2008;17(2):215-30.
Perea-Baena JM, Sánchez-Gil LM, Calzado Luengo MJ, Villanueva
Calvero E. Apoyo social y Carga de la persona cuidadora en una Unidad
de Salud Mental Infantil. Index Enferm [Internet]. 2009;18(3):166-70.
Zeidan J, Fombonne E, Scorah J, Ibrahim A, Durkin MS, Saxena S, et
al. Global prevalence of autism: A systematic review update. Autism
Res [Internet]. 2022;15(5):778-90.
Rivière A. Desarrollo normal y Autismo (1/2) [Internet]. Madrid:
Universidad autónoma de Madrid; 1997. Disponible en: https://
www.autismoandalucia.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Riviere-_
Desarrollo_normal_y_Autismo.pdf
Levy SE, Mandell DS, Schultz RT. Autism. Lancet [Internet].
;374(9701):1627-38.
Volkmar F, Chawarska K, Klin A. Autism in Infancy and Early
Childhood. Annu Rev Psychol [Internet]. 2005;56(1):315-36.
Balbuena Rivera F. Breve revisión histórica del autismo. Rev Asoc Esp
Neuropsiq [Internet]. 2007;27(2):61-81.
Gray DE. Coping with autism: stresses and strategies. Sociol of
Health & Illness [Internet]. 1994;16(3):275-300.
García Carrasco J. Happé, F. Introducción al autismo
[Internet]. Madrid: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca
Revista Electrónica; 1998. Disponible en: https://gredos. usal.es/bitstream/handle/10366/56422/TE1999_V1_HappeF..
pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Charman T. Autism spectrum disorders. Psychiatry [Internet].
;4(8):81-4.
Ruggieri V. El autismo a lo largo de la vida. Medicina (Buenos Aires)
[Internet]. 2022;82(3):2-6.
Arberas C, Ruggieri V. Autismo: Aspectos genéticos y biológicos.
Medicina (Buenos Aires) [Internet]. 2019;79(1):16-21.
Quijada CG. Espectro autista. Rev Chil Pediatr [Internet].
;79(1):86-91.
Albarracín AP, Rey Hernández LA, Jaimes Caicedo MM. Estrategias
de afrontamiento y características sociodemográficas en padres
de hijos con trastornos del espectro autista. Rev Virtual Univ Catol
Norte [Internet]. 2014;(42):111–26.
Bueno-Hernández A, Cárdenas-Gutiérrez M, Pastor-Zamalloa M,
Silva-Mathews Z. Experiencias de los padres ante el cuidado de su
hijo autista. Rev Enferm Herediana [Internet]. 2012;5(1):26-35.
Pineda Gonzales D. Estrés parental y estilos de afrontamiento
en padres de niños con trastornos del espectro autista [Tesis de
pregrado]. Lima: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú; 2012.
Recuperado a partir de: https://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/
handle/20.500.12404/1659
Mendoza Álvarez X. Estrés parental y optimismo en padres de
niños con trastorno del espectro autista [Tesis de pregrado]. Lima:
Universidad Católica del Perú; 2014. Recuperado a partir de: https://
tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/20.500.12404/5732
Arphi Limo YE, Sanchez Linares CV, Vásquez Pachas KY. Relación
entre el uso de estrategias de afrontamiento y nivel de estrés en
padres con hijos autistas [Tesis de pregrado]. Lima: Universidad
Peruana Cayetano Heredia; 2017. Recuperado a partir de: https://
repositorio.upch.edu.pe/handle/20.500.12866/886
Alnazly EK, Abojedi A. Psychological distress and perceived burden
in caregivers of persons with autism spectrum disorder. Perspect
Psychiatr Care [Internet]. 2019;55(3):501-8.
Enriquez Carranza GM, Rodriguez Ticona J. Estrategias de
afrontamiento y estrés parental en padres de niños con trastorno del
espectro autista con edades entre 3 a 11 años en centros de educación
básica especial de la ciudad de Arequipa [Tesis de pregrado].
Arequipa: Universidad Católica San Pablo; 2020. Recuperado a partir
de : https://repositorio.ucsp.edu.pe/handle/20.500.12590/16501
Fortea Sevilla MSF, Castro Sánchez JJ, Escandell Bermúdez MO.
Programa de apoyo para reducir la ansiedad en abuelos de niños con
trastorno del espectro autista. REDIS [Internet]. 2019;7(2):123-37.
Autismo Madrid. Programa Mejora [Internet]. España: Autismo
Madrid. Disponible en: https://autismomadrid.es/que-hacemos/
programa-mejora/
Althoff CE, Dammann CP, Hope SJ, Ausderau KK. ParentMediated Interventions for Children With Autism Spectrum
Disorder: A Systematic Review. Am J Occup Ther [Internet].
;73(3):7303205010p1-13.
Rivas GR, Arruabarrena I, De Paúl J. Parenting Stress Index-Short
Form: psychometric properties of the Spanish version in mothers
of children aged 0 to 8 years. Psychosocial Intervention [Internet].
;30(1):27-34.
Loyd BH, Abidin RR. Revision of the Parenting Stress Index. J Pediatr
Psychol [Internet]. 1985;10(2):169-77.
Díaz-Herrero A, Brito de la Nuez AG, López Pina JA, Pérez-López J,
Martínez-Fuentes MT. Estructura factorial y consistencia interna de la
versión española del Parenting Stress Index-Short Form. Psicothema
[Internet]. 2010;22(4):1033-8.
Copeland D, Harbaugh BL. Differences in parenting stress between
married and single first time mothers at six to eight weeks after
birth. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs [Internet]. 2005;28(3):139-52.
Hurtado Mendoza LN. Resiliencia y estrés en padres de niños con
habilidades diferentes en Instituciones – CEBES, Huánuco – 2018
[Tesis de pregrado]. Huánuco: Universidad Nacional Hermilio
Valdizán; 2020. Recuperado a partir de : http://repositorio.unheval.
edu.pe/handle/20.500.13080/6185
Jenaro Río C, Gutiérrez-Bermejo B. Análisis de la Escala de Estrés
Parental-Forma Abreviada en Padres de Hijos con Discapacidad
Intelectual mediante el Modelo de Rasch. RIDEP [Internet].
;1(39):68-76.
Pozo Cabanillas P, Sarriá Sánchez E, Méndez Zaballos L. Estrés en
madres de personas con trastornos del espectro autista. Psicothema
[Internet]. 2006;18(3):342-7.
Ferreira M, Najar Smeha L. La experiencia de ser madre de un hijo
con autismo en el contexto de la familia monoparental. Psicol Rev
[Internet]. 2018;24(2):462-81.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Horizonte Médico (Lima)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Horizonte Médico (Lima) (Horiz. Med.) journal’s research outputs are published free of charge and are freely available to download under the open access model, aimed at disseminating works and experiences developed in biomedical and public health areas, both nationally and internationally, and promoting research in the different fields of human medicine. All manuscripts accepted and published in the journal are distributed free of charge under the terms of a Creative Commons license – Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
