Sleep disorders and post-COVID-19 syndrome: a narrative review

Authors

  • Rodolfo Arredondo Nontol Universidad Nacional de Tumbes, Escuela de Medicina, Departamento Académico de Medicina Humana. Tumbes, Perú. Médico especialista en medicina interna, magíster en Salud con mención en Salud Familiar y Comunitaria. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3333-2741
  • Miriam Rodfeli Arredondo Universidad Nacional de Tumbes, Escuela de Medicina, Departamento Académico de Medicina Humana. Tumbes, Perú. Médico especialista en pediatría, magíster en Medicina con mención en Pediatría. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6269-7593
  • Narcisa Reto Universidad César Vallejo. Piura, Perú. Médico especialista en neurología, magíster en Docencia, Currículo e Investigación. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8107-1657
  • Angel Suyon Castillo Universidad Nacional de Tumbes, Escuela de Medicina, Departamento Académico de Medicina Humana. Tumbes, Perú. Tecnólogo médico especialista en laboratorio clínico, segunda especialidad en histotecnología. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7251-5850
  • Yrene Esperanza Urbina Rojas Universidad Nacional de Tumbes, Escuela de Medicina, Departamento de Enfermería. Tumbes, Perú. Enfermera, doctora en Ciencias de Enfermería. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6834-6284

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24265/horizmed.2024.v24n3.20

Keywords:

Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in both high mortality rates and a decrease in the response of health services worldwide. Many people changed their lifestyles due to the deterioration of their health both during the acute and post-illness stages. Depression, and especially sleep disorders, deserve attention due to their high prevalence within the so-called post-COVID-19 syndrome because they are associated with a deterioration in the quality of life of those affected. Knowing its prevalence and understanding its pathophysiology, clinical spectrum and treatment methods remain matters of research. The objective of this narrative review is to present the latest findings on sleep disorders as manifestations of post-COVID-19 syndrome. For this purpose, scientific literature was consulted using three databases—PubMed, Scopus and SciELO—resulting in a total of 867 articles, which were reviewed by title and abstract. This search was updated twice, resulting in 61 articles, which were included in this narrative review. A prevalence of sleep disorders in post-COVID-19 syndrome ranging from 9.7 % to 50 % is noted; its cause is identified as multifactorial, and the systemic inflammatory response may play a fundamental role due to the toxic action of cytokines and the poor neuronal response to revert the inflammatory process. Insomnia is the most frequent symptom; being female and suffering from concomitant depressive disorders are prevalent risk factors. There is a possible beneficial effect on symptom control resulting from antidepressants as well as non-pharmacological treatments such as individualized physical therapy and an antioxidant nutritional regimen. It is concluded that many gaps remain in the understanding of this pathology and further research is needed to elucidate them.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

World Health Organization. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2023. Disponible en: https://covid19.who.int/

Tejedor-Estupiñán JM. Los impactos sociales y económicos de la pandemia de la Covid-19 en Latinoamérica. Rev finanz política econ [Internet]. 2020;12(2):335–40.

Aiyegbusi OL, Hughes SE, Turner G, Rivera SC, McMullan C, Chandan JS, et al. Symptoms, complications and management of long COVID: a review. J R Soc Med [Internet]. 2021;114(9):428–42.

Lara Rivera AL, Parra Bracamonte GM, López Villalobos N. Tasas de letalidad y factores de riesgo por COVID-19 en México. Rev Cub Salud Publica [Internet]. 2021;47(4):e2872.

Franco Escobar VD, Morales Chorro L, Baltrons Orellana R, Rodríguez CR, Urbina O, López de Blanco C. Mortalidad por COVID-19 asociada a comorbilidades en pacientes del Instituto Salvadoreño del Seguro Social. Alerta [Internet]. 2021;4(2):28–37.

Escobar-Agreda S, Vargas Herrera J, Rojas-Mezarina L. Evidencias preliminares sobre el efecto de la vacunación contra la COVID-19 en el Perú. Bol Inst Nac Salud [Internet]. 2021;27(3-4):35-9.

López L, Portugal W, Huamán K, Obregón C. Efectividad de vacunas COVID-19 y riesgo de mortalidad en Perú: Un estudio poblacional de cohortes pareadas. An Fac Med [Internet]. 2022;83(2):88–94.

Carod-Artal FJ. Síndrome post-COVID-19: epidemiología, criterios diagnósticos y mecanismos patogénicos implicados. Rev Neurol [Internet]. 2021;72(11):384–96.

Ahmad MS, Shaik RA, Ahmad RK, Yusuf M, Khan M, Almutairi AB, et al. “LONG COVID”: An insight. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci [Internet]. 2021;25(17):5561–77.

Efstathiou V, Stefanou M-I, Demetriou M, Siafakas N, Makris M, Tsivgoulis G, et al. Long COVID and neuropsychiatric manifestations (Review). Exp Ther Med [Internet]. 2022;23(5):363.

Richter K, Kellner S. “Coronasomnia”- Resilienzförderung durch Insomniebehandlung. Somnologie [Internet]. 2021;25(3):170–5.

Tremblay M-E, Madore C, Bordeleau M, Tian L, Verkhratsky A. Neuropathobiology of COVID-19: The role for Glia. Front Cell Neurosci [Internet]. 2020;14:592214.

Cherem J, Robledo Z, Fajardo G. Síndrome post-COVID-19. Certezas e interrogantes [Internet]. Editorial Medica Panamericana; 2023. Disponible en: https://anmm.org.mx/publicaciones/ultimas_ publicaciones/Libro-Sindrome-post-COVID.pdf

Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Gómez-Mayordomo V, de-la-Llave-Rincón AI, Palacios-Ceña M, Rodríguez-Jiménez J, Florencio LL, et al. Anxiety, depression and poor sleep quality as long-term post-COVID sequelae in previously hospitalized patients: A multicenter study. J Infect [Internet]. 2021;83(4):496–522.

Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A. Rayyan—a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Syst Rev [Internet]. 2016;5(1):1-10.

Yong SJ. Long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome: putative pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatments. Infect Dis [Internet]. 2021;53(10):737–54.

Jennings G, Monaghan A, Xue F, Mockler D, Romero-Ortuño R. A systematic review of persistent symptoms and residual abnormal functioning following acute COVID-19: Ongoing symptomatic phase vs. Post-COVID-19 syndrome. J Clin Med [Internet]. 2021;10(24):5913.

Sykes DL, Holdsworth L, Jawad N, Gunasekera P, Morice AH, Crooks MG. Post-COVID-19 symptom burden: What is long-COVID and how should we manage it? Lung [Internet]. 2021;199(2):113–9.

Huang C, Huang L, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Gu X, et al. RETRACTED: 6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study. Lancet [Internet]. 2021;397(10270):220–32.

Taskiran-Sag A, Eroğlu E, Canlar Ş, Poyraz BM, Özülken K, Mumcuoğlu T, et al. Subacute neurological sequelae in mild COVID-19 outpatients. Tuberk Toraks [Internet]. 2022;70(1):27–36.

Lombardo MDM, Foppiani A, Peretti GM, Mangiavini L, Battezzati A, Bertoli S, et al. Long-term Coronavirus disease 2019 complications in inpatients and outpatients: A one-year follow-up cohort study. Open Forum Infect Dis [Internet]. 2021;8(8):1-8.

Taruffi L, Muccioli L, Mitolo M, Ferri L, Descovich C, Mazzoni S, et al. Neurological manifestations of long COVID: A single-center one-year experience. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat [Internet]. 2023;19:311–9.

Kotova OV, Medvedev VE, Poluektov MG, Belyaev AA, Akarachkova ES. Sleep disorders in post-COVID syndrome: a psychiatric or neurological problem? Neurosci Behav Physiol [Internet]. 2023;53(1):16–20.

Zimmermann P, Pittet LF, Curtis N. How common is long COVID in children and adolescents? Pediatr Infect Dis J [Internet]. 2021;40(12):482-7.

Avittan H, Kustovs D. Cognition and mental health in pediatric patients following COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2023;20(6):5061.

Aly MAEG, Saber HG. Long COVID and chronic fatigue syndrome: A survey of elderly female survivors in Egypt. Int J Clin Pract [Internet]. 2021;75(12):e14886.

Rass V, Beer R, Schiefecker AJ, Lindner A, Kofler M, Ianosi BA, et al. Neurological outcomes 1 year after COVID-19 diagnosis: A prospective longitudinal cohort study. Eur J Neurol [Internet]. 2022;29(6):168596.

Alkodaymi MS, Omrani OA, Fawzy NA, Shaar BA, Almamlouk R, Riaz M, et al. Prevalence of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome symptoms at different follow-up periods: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect [Internet]. 2022;28(5):657–66.

Premraj L, Kannapadi NV, Briggs J, Seal SM, Battaglini D, Fanning J, et al. Mid and long-term neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations of post-COVID-19 syndrome: A meta-analysis. J Neurol Sci [Internet]. 2022;434:120162.

Pelà G, Goldoni M, Solinas E, Cavalli C, Tagliaferri S, Ranzieri S, et al. Sex-related differences in long-COVID-19 syndrome. J Womens Health [Internet]. 2022;31(5):620–30.

Downloads

Published

2024-09-25

How to Cite

1.
Arredondo Nontol R, Arredondo MR, Reto N, Suyon Castillo A, Urbina Rojas YE. Sleep disorders and post-COVID-19 syndrome: a narrative review. Horiz Med [Internet]. 2024Sep.25 [cited 2025May1];24(3):e2363. Available from: https://www.horizontemedico.usmp.edu.pe/index.php/horizontemed/article/view/2363

Issue

Vol. 24 No. 3 (2024): Julio-Setiembre

Section

Review article

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Horizonte Médico (Lima)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Horizonte Médico (Lima) (Horiz. Med.) journal’s research outputs are published free of charge and are freely available to download under the open access model, aimed at disseminating works and experiences developed in biomedical and public health areas, both nationally and internationally, and promoting research in the different fields of human medicine. All manuscripts accepted and published in the journal are distributed free of charge under the terms of a Creative Commons license – Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).