Duración subóptima del sueño y fenotipo circadiano en mujeres adultas residentes de Valencia, Venezuela atendidas en jornadas de salud. Perfil cardiometabólico asociado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24265/horizmed.2019.v19n2.08Palabras clave:
Sueño, Privación de sueño, Ritmo circadiano, Enfermedades cardiovasculares, Síndrome metabólicoResumen
Objetivo: Evaluar la duración del sueño y fenotipos circadianos y su asociación con variables sociodemográficas y clínicas, de estilo de vida e indicadores de riesgo cardiometabólico en mujeres adultas. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal de 108 mujeres adultas residentes de la ciudad de Valencia, Venezuela atendidas en jornadas de salud. Se establecieron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y estilo de vida, duración de sueño autoinformada durante la semana, fin de semana y ponderada (corta: < 7 h o larga: > 9 h) y fenotipo circadiano o cronotipo mediante la versión reducida del cuestionario de matutinidad de Horne y Östberg. Se midieron presión arterial, peso, talla, circunferencia de cintura y biomarcadores en sangre venosa. Se calcularon tres puntajes de estatus cardiometabólico. Se estableció hipertensión arterial (HTA) y síndrome metabólico (SM). Resultados: Se encontró duración corta de sueño ponderada en 21,3 % de las mujeres y duración larga ponderada en 16,7 %. El 28,7 % mostró cronotipo claramente matutino; 38 %, moderadamente matutino; 32,4 %, indefinido y 0,9 %, moderadamente vespertino, sin casos de cronotipo claramente vespertino. La duración corta de sueño y los cronotipos matutinos fueron más frecuentes en mujeres mayores de 40 años. La duración de sueño se asoció a estado civil, ocupación y condición de exfumadora; los cronotipos se asociaron a posmenopausia. La duración corta se asoció a obesidad abdominal e hipertensión arterial (HTA), elevación de gamma-glutamil transferasa y ácido úrico. La duración larga se asoció a glicemia y transaminasas más elevadas. El cronotipo claramente matutino se asoció a HTA, SM y número de componentes del SM presentes. La duración corta de sueño y el cronotipo claramente matutino predijeron elevado riesgo cardiometabólico, al ajustar por edad y posmenopausia esta asociación desapareció. Conclusiones: La duración subóptima del sueño y los fenotipos circadianos se asociaron a variables socio demográficas, clínicas y de riesgo cardiometabólico. La duración corta de sueño y el cronotipo claramente matutino predijeron elevado riesgo cardiometabólico.
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Derechos de autor 2019 Nelina Ruiz-Fernández, Doris Nobrega, Indira Varela, Yolima Fernández, Claudia Mendoza, Jhon Jesus, Gabriel Villalobos, Cesar Vega, María Yoris, Dessire Zamora
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