Uso racional de antimicrobianos en tiempos de COVID-19 en Perú: rol de los programas de optimización del uso de antimicrobianos e intervenciones desde el punto de vista de control de infecciones

Autores/as

  • G Pérez-Lazo Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen-EsSalud, Programa de Optimización de Uso de Antimicrobianos, Lima, Perú; Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen-EsSalud, Servicio de Infectología, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3823-4737
  • F Soto-Febres Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen-EsSalud, Programa de Optimización de Uso de Antimicrobianos, Lima, Perú; Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen-EsSalud, Servicio de Infectología, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9491-6412
  • A Morales-Moreno Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen-EsSalud, Programa de Optimización de Uso de Antimicrobianos, Lima, Perú; Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen-EsSalud, Servicio de Infectología, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5353-5266
  • John A Cabrera-Enríquez Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen-EsSalud, Programa de Optimización de Uso de Antimicrobianos, Lima, Perú; Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen-EsSalud, Servicio de Pediatría, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0770-505X
  • J Díaz-Agudo Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen-EsSalud, Programa de Optimización de Uso de Antimicrobianos, Lima, Perú; Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen-EsSalud, Farmacia Clínica, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2967-9400
  • R Rojas Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen-EsSalud, Programa de Optimización de Uso de Antimicrobianos, Lima, Perú; Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen-EsSalud, Farmacia Clínica, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7809-0366
  • B Arenas-Ramírez Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen-EsSalud, Programa de Optimización de Uso de Antimicrobianos, Lima, Perú; Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen-EsSalud, Unidad de Prevención y Control de infecciones, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2480-8752
  • R Illescas Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen-EsSalud, Programa de Optimización de Uso de Antimicrobianos, Lima, Perú; Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen-EsSalud, Servicio de Infectología, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9050-0241

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24265/horizmed.2021.v21n2.12

Palabras clave:

COVID-19, Programas de optimización del uso de los antimicrobianos, Sobreinfección, Coinfección, Control de infecciones

Resumen

La resistencia antimicrobiana (RAM) es una pandemia adicional de lenta evolución que precede a la pandemia de COVID-19 y continuará cuando esta termine. Sin embargo, en países como Perú donde existe un alto consumo y prescripción inadecuada de antimicrobianos puede pasar desapercibida y se puede esperar un escenario futuro más desafiante. Los Programas de Optimización de Uso de Antimicrobianos (PROA) son equipos multidisciplinarios de profesionales que tienen como objetivo retardar la aparición de organismos multirresistentes a través de estrategias como la auditoría de prescripciones o la creación de algoritmos de tratamiento antimicrobiano basados en las tasas locales de RAM.  La dificultad en el diagnóstico oportuno de coinfecciones o superinfecciones en el curso clínico y progresión de COVID-19 predisponen al uso inadecuado de antimicrobianos, obligando a los PROA a adaptar sus estrategias en este panorama cambiante. En Latinoamérica los PROA no sólo tienen que fomentar el cambio de comportamiento en los prescriptores de antimicrobianos sino también luchar contra la epidemia de información falsa (infodemia) y campañas de desinformación sobre COVID-19. Además, la pobre cultura local de prevención y control de infecciones obliga a revisar estrategias para mitigar el impacto posterior en la RAM.

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2021-05-21

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Pérez-Lazo G, Soto-Febres F, Morales-Moreno A, Cabrera-Enríquez JA, Díaz-Agudo J, Rojas R, Arenas-Ramírez B, Illescas R. Uso racional de antimicrobianos en tiempos de COVID-19 en Perú: rol de los programas de optimización del uso de antimicrobianos e intervenciones desde el punto de vista de control de infecciones. Horiz Med [Internet]. 21 de mayo de 2021 [citado 28 de marzo de 2024];21(2):e1254. Disponible en: https://www.horizontemedico.usmp.edu.pe/index.php/horizontemed/article/view/1254

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