Seguridad y eficacia de ivermectina en tiempos de COVID-19

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24265/horizmed.2021.v21n1.10

Palabras clave:

SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Infección, Ivermectina, Tratamiento

Resumen

Desde su aparición en diciembre de 2019, la infección por SARS-CoV-2 se expandió rápidamente a todo el mundo. Aproximadamente, el 80 % de pacientes con COVID-19 presentan síntomas leves a moderados, el 20 % desarrolla cuadros respiratorios graves, y alrededor del 6 % pueden requerir ventilación mecánica. En ausencia de pautas terapéuticas comprobadas, varios medicamentos ya conocidos empezaron a ser evaluados por sus probables beneficios en el tratamiento de COVID-19. Entre ellos, está el fármaco antiparasitario ivermectina, una de las avermactinas producidas por la bacteria Streptomyces avermitilis, que fue descubierta en los años setenta por el grupo del profesor Omura, en colaboración con la industria farmacéutica. Se ha demostrado que la ivermectina inhibe la interacción entre la proteína viral y el heterodímero de importina α/β1, lo que provoca la inhibición de la replicación del virus. Recientemente, este mecanismo de acción de la ivermectina frente al SARS-CoV-2 fue demostrado en células Vero/hSLAM. A la fecha, se conocen los resultados de un ensayo clínico en Argentina que comprueba la utilidad de la ivermectina en las etapas tempranas de la enfermedad; asimismo, en el mundo se registran alrededor de 40 estudios clínicos que buscan confirmar su importancia como un tratamiento costo-efectivo para COVID-19. Respecto a la seguridad, en estos años la ivermectina ha demostrado ser un fármaco bien tolerado.

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Publicado

2021-03-30

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1.
Luque Espino JC, Pareja Cruz A. Seguridad y eficacia de ivermectina en tiempos de COVID-19. Horiz Med [Internet]. 30 de marzo de 2021 [citado 28 de marzo de 2024];21(1):e1331. Disponible en: https://www.horizontemedico.usmp.edu.pe/index.php/horizontemed/article/view/1331

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