Factores asociados a complicaciones quirúrgicas en pacientes adultos mayores con neoplasias gastrointestinales del Centro Médico Naval

Autores/as

  • Xiomara Paredes Terrones Universidad Científica del Sur, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Medicina Humana, Lima, Perú http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3312-0407
  • Carolina Pérez-Agüero Universidad Científica del Sur, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Medicina Humana, Lima, Perú; Centro Médico Naval "Cirujano Mayor Santiago Távara", Servicio de Geriatría, Callao, Perú http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8072-5025
  • Fernando M. Runzer-Colmenares Universidad Científica del Sur, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Medicina Humana, Lima, Perú; Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Centro de Investigación del Envejecimiento (CIEN), Lima, Perú http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7717-8996
  • José F. Parodi Universidad Científica del Sur, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Medicina Humana, Lima, Perú; Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Centro de Investigación del Envejecimiento (CIEN), Lima, Perú http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0336-0584

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24265/horizmed.2020.v20n1.07

Palabras clave:

Cáncer gastrointestinal, Adulto mayor, Cirugía general

Resumen

Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados a complicaciones quirúrgicas en pacientes adultos mayores con diagnóstico de neoplasias gastrointestinales del Centro Médico Naval del Perú. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva y análisis secundario de una base de datos. Se evaluaron los factores asociados a complicaciones postoperatorias de 245 pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer gastrointestinal entre 2013 y 2015. Las variables fueron edad, fragilidad, vulnerabilidad, antecedentes patológicos, consumo de tabaco, perímetro de pantorrilla, dependencia funcional, caídas, polifarmacia y la localización del cáncer. Resultados: El 29,8 % presentó complicaciones quirúrgicas, que fueron más frecuentes en los casos de cáncer de colon/recto con 82,19 %, la edad promedio fue de 86,3 años. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron dolor, hemorragia, trastornos hidroelectrolíticos e infección de sitio operatorio. Mediante el modelo de regresión ajustado, las variables que mostraron mayor asociación significativa fueron la presencia de 3 o más antecedentes patológicos, consumo de tabaco, perímetro de pantorrilla menor que 31 cm, dependencia funcional, caídas en el último año, polifarmacia, fragilidad, vulnerabilidad según VES-13 y localización del cáncer en colon/recto. Conclusiones: Los factores que predisponen la aparición de complicaciones quirúrgicas fueron el cáncer en colon/recto, ser vulnerable (según la escala VES-13), ser frágil (según el fenotipo de Fried), la polifarmacia, haber sufrido caídas, dependencia funcional, perímetro de pantorrilla delgado, antecedente de consumo de tabaco, y tener 3 o más comorbilidades.

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Publicado

2020-03-26

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1.
Paredes Terrones X, Pérez-Agüero C, Runzer-Colmenares FM, Parodi JF. Factores asociados a complicaciones quirúrgicas en pacientes adultos mayores con neoplasias gastrointestinales del Centro Médico Naval. Horiz Med [Internet]. 26 de marzo de 2020 [citado 28 de marzo de 2024];20(1):45-53. Disponible en: https://www.horizontemedico.usmp.edu.pe/index.php/horizontemed/article/view/986

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