Prevalência de Distúrbios Respiratórios do Sono e Fatores Associados em Pacientes de um Centro de Atendimento Terciário
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24265/horizmed.2025.v25n3.06Palavras-chave:
Keywords: Sleep-Wake Disorders; Risk Factors; Respiratory Disorders; Body Mass IndexResumo
Objective: To determine the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) confirmed by respiratory polygraphy and to analyze its association with sociodemographic, anthropometric, lifestyle, and comorbidity variables in patients attending a pulmonology outpatient clinic.
Materials and Methods: An observational, analytical, and retrospective study was conducted using medical records of adult patients evaluated for suspected OSA at the pulmonology department of Hospital de Especialidades No. 2 (IMSS) in Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, between January 2023 and December 2024. Patients who completed a respiratory polygraphy were included. Data collected included age, sex, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), neck and abdominal circumferences, physical activity and smoking habits, comorbidities, and place of origin. Descriptive statistics (central tendency and dispersion), frequencies, and percentages were calculated. The chi-square test was applied with statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.05.
Results: Among 1,920 patients seen, 187 were evaluated for suspected OSA and 140 had a confirmed diagnosis, corresponding to a prevalence of 7.29%. The mean age was 53.1 years; the mean BMI was 33.7 kg/m², with obesity present in 55.1% of cases. The average neck and abdominal circumferences were 39.9 cm and 125.7 cm, respectively. Diabetes mellitus was present in 27.8%, isolated hypertension in 21.9%, and combined hypertension with other comorbidities in 12.3%. Only 31% engaged in regular physical activity, and 25.7% were smokers. Most patients originated from the municipalities of Cajeme and Guaymas.
Conclusion: OSA in our population is associated with middle age, central obesity, physical inactivity, and metabolic comorbidities. These findings underscore the importance of implementing systematic screening in pulmonology clinics, incorporating simple anthropometric measurements and risk factor assessments to improve diagnosis and guide multidisciplinary interventions.
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